Complete Process
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Step-by-Step to Implement a Landfill Gas to Energy Project
Potential Benefits Gained By Landfill Owners/Operators From Landfill Gas Energy



STEP-BY-STEP TO IMPLEMENT A LANDFILL GAS TO ENERGY PROJECT

1. ESTIMATE LANDFILL GAS (LFG) RECOVERY POTENTIAL AND PERFORM INITIAL ASSESSMENT OR FEASIBILITY STYDY
   
   Desired Landfill Characteristics
   
   Landfill contains municipal solid waste (MSW) or solid residues from pulp and paper plants and sawmills
   Landfill has at least 1.5 million tons of waste in place
   
   
   
2. EVALUATE PROJECT ECONOMICS
   
   Identify the energy buyer
   
   Nearby direct gas use (sale to industrial end users, such as boilers, kilns)
   Electricity
   High-BTU upgrade (sales to nearby customers or gas utility)
   Specialty use (greenhouse, vehicle fuel)
   
   
   
3. ESTABLISH PROJECT STRUCTURE
   
   Identify who will develop / manage the project
   
   Option 1:  Develop / manage the project internally
   Option 2:  Team up with a project developer
   Option 3:  Team up with a partner (equipment supplier, energy end user, community)
   
   Find a Partner
   
   Issue a Request for Proposals (RFP)
   Acquire Letters of Interest
   Solicit developers
   Negotiate with vendors
   
   
   
4. CONTRACTS
   
   Determine gas rights
   Determine rights for potential emission reductions
   Determine partner responsibilities, i.e.:
             -          Design
             -          Installation
             -          Operation and maintenance
   
   
   
5. ASSESS FINANCING OPTIONS
   
   Private equity financing
   Project financing
   Municipal bonds
   Direct municipal funds
   Grants: Federal, state and local incentives
   REPI – Renewable Energy Production Incentive
   
   
   
6. NEGOCIATE POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT (PPA)
   
   Prepare draft offer contract
   Determine utility or end user need for power or gas demand
   Develop project design and pricing
   Prepare and present bid package
   Review contract terms and conditions
   Sign contract
   
   
   
7. SECURE PERMITS AND APPROVALS
   
   Regulations
   Solid waste permit
   Air permit
   Local permitting issues
   Right-of-ways and easements
   
   
   
8. PROCEDURES
   
   Contact and meet regulatory authorities to determine requirements
   Educate about benefits of project and seek approval from landfill neighbors, local officials, and local environmental and public interest groups
   Assemble information, perform calculations and designs
   Submit complete permit application (as needed)
   
   
   
9. CONTRACT FOR ENGINEERING, PROCUREMENT & CONSTRUCTION (EPC) AND OPERATION & MAINTENANCE (D&M) SERVICES
   
   Owner/developer solicits bids from EPC/O&M contractors
   Owner/developer selects EPC/O&M contractors
   Owner/developer negotiates contracts
   EPC/O&M contractor conducts engineering design, site preparation, plant construction
   EPC contractor / developer conducts start-up testing
   
   
   
10. INSTALL PROJECT AND START UP COMMERCIAL OPERATION
    
    Ribbon cutting
    Public tours
    Press releases